Wednesday 25 November 2015

Historical text analysis and research

Historical Text - Natural Born Killers

How is it similar/ different to your main text?

The historical text is different from the main text The Dark Knight Rises because Natural Born Killers promotes the violence that happened in the film whereas The Dark Knight Rises does not promote the violence. One similarity can be mentioned that the wrong doings or violence that have been carried out by individuals have been seen as more powerful. Also acknowledging murders in the historical text could be the reason as to why there were so many cases of copycat violence.

How does this show how the genre/society/issue has changed?

Society has changed because the primary text has many more cases than that of the main text. This could mean that films are regulated more often in which there will be less extreme violence movies causing them to trigger audiences psychologically.

Video game - GTA vice city  2003
- man goes into police station and kills police officers just like in GTA.

- Devin Moore went and murdered 2 police offers in which he said "Life is a video game"

- Grabbed a gun from police offer shot three police officer and escaped with police cruiser

- This example of copycat violence as he had seen this in GTA.

Wednesday 18 November 2015

notes and quotes final

Notes and Quotes

Internet Links
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/20/colorado-theater-shooting-dark-knight (Guardian)

"Colorado awoke to its worst mass shooting since the Columbine massacre after at least 12 people were killed and 50 injured by a lone gunman wielding tear gas and firing randomly at cinema goers at the midnight premier of the Batman movie"

"Among those caught up in the attack were a three-month-old baby who was treated in hospital and released, a child aged six and people aged 16 to 31 who were treated for exposure to noxious chemicals"

"James Holmes, 24, entered one of the three cinemas showing The Dark Knight Rises at the multiplex cinema in Aurora"

"everal eyewitnesses said they had assumed he was a special effects installation arranged by the cinema to mark the international premier of the Batman film"

""He did not resist, he did not put up a fight," a police spokesman Frank Fania said in relation to the suspect's apprehension"

- http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/jul/09/dark-knight-rises-early-screening (Guardian)

"It is widely expected to be one of the year's highest grossing films, with some critics suggesting that director Christopher Nolan may be in the running for awards season glory"

"Now the first reactions are in from a select group of bloggers and fans who have seen The Dark Knight Rises, and they are overwhelmingly positive"



from Bustle: http://www.bustle.com/articles/117134-5-times-killers-mimicked-horror-legends-and-films (Bustle)

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/9426408/Why-was-a-child-watching-such-a-violent-movie.html (Telegrpah)


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/10141229/The-brutal-truth-about-violence-in-the-movies.html

- "Once, Hollywood blamed the gun lobby for making weapons freely available, and the gun lobby hit out at movies for glamorising violence"

"Alongside that sits a philosophical question for us all, about what degree of human suffering we should consume vicariously as entertainment, why, and in what form"

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/11087683/Watching-violent-films-does-make-people-more-aggressive-study-shows.html

"Watching violent movies really does make people more aggressive - but only if they have an abrasive personality to start with, a study shows"



"Bloody scenes do not have the same effect on passive characters who react to what they see on a screen in an entirely different way"
"The link between X-rated films and video games and the rise in violent crime has been debated for years so scientists scanned the brains of two very different groups of people to see what happened as they were shown violent images"
"In the first study of its kind they found each person's reaction depended on how aggressive they were to begin with"
"In the first study of its kind they found each person's reaction depended on how aggressive they were to begin with"
"These subjects said they felt more more inspired and determined and less upset or nervous than their non-aggressive counterparts when watching violent instead of only emotional scenes."
"Their blood pressure also went down progressively while the calm groups' rose"
http://bgr.com/2015/12/11/quentin-tarantino-violence-swearing/

"Part of this is probably his films’ growing budgets — it’s much cheaper to drop a dozen f-bombs on celluloid than to drop a dozen samurais" - Roeder writes

"“If you want to jolt audiences on the cheap, you do it through swearing. If you want to do it with a budget, you slice some people in half"

"The “Django Unchained” budget was just more than $100 million"

tarantino violence


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/relationships/fatherhood/11250555/Should-you-let-your-kids-watch-violent-films.html

"That’s not to say children aren’t capable of copycat behaviour on some minor level"

"The reason it feels instinctive to not let my son see more extreme screen violence is because I’m driven by the strongest parental instinct of all – to ensure my child feels safe"

"There’s also an element of social responsibility. It’s not just about your kids; it’s about the kids around them, too. If you let your child loose with your horror collection, do their school friends suddenly want to do the same, only behind their parents’ backs?"

http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/05/us/movie-theater-shootings/

"Holmes, who has mental illness, has claimed he was suffering a schizophrenic episode at the time of the shooting"

"In that attack, Holmes colored his hair an orange-red hue, making him resemble the villain The Joker as portrayed in a prior Batman film by the late actor Heath Ledger"

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/10/20/why-the-pg-13-movie-rating-has-
grown-increasingly-meaningless/

"A new study puts fresh scrutiny on the movie industry's largest ratings category, showing that parents who were repeatedly exposed to violence and sexual content became progressively more accepting of the material"

" the growing rate of violent and sexual scenes in PG-13-rated movies, many of which contains more images of gun violence than even R-rated films"

"In the study, 1,000 parents were randomly shown several short clips with violence and explicit sexual content from top-grossing movies such as "8 Mile," "Die Hard," and "Taken 2." Early in their viewing, parents said the movies were only appropriate for older audiences and on average the films were appropriate for viewers 17 years old. But the more clips the parents watched, the more they began to assign lower ages and ended up saying most of the material was appropriate for PG-13 audiences"

" Parents become desensitised to the mature content after repeated exposure"

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9785931/Arnold-Schwarzenegger-says-violence-in-films-not-to-blame-for-gun-massacres.html

"In an interview to promote the film The Last Stand, he said: "I think one must always keep it separate. This is entertainment and the other thing is a tragedy beyond belief and serious and the real deal"

"The Hollywood action hero Arnold Schwarzenegger has said that violence in films is not to blame for gun massacres"

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/6975563/Quentin-Tarantino-violence-is-the-best-way-to-control-an-audience.html

"violence is so good" because it is the most enjoyable form of entertainment

“I feel like a conductor and the audience's feelings are my instruments. I will be like, 'Laugh, laugh, now be horrified'.

The director said that violence was the best form of cinema entertainment

http://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists/virginia-blackburn/547440/Virginia-Blackburn-on-violence-children-films-Joan-Collins-terrorist-Sony-email-leak

"There are shootings in Bambi, Peter Pan and Pocahontas, stabbings in Sleeping Beauty and The Little Mermaid and all round violence in A Bug’s Life, How To Train Your Dragon and many more"

"In the original version of Cinderella, the ugly sisters cut off their toes to try to fit into the glass slipper (actually it was fur) and not in a comic way – there was blood and gore all over the shop"

http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2013/06/07/films/screen-violence-is-in-the-eye-of-the-beholder/#.VoRd1BWLTWJ

The ultimate test will probably be the work of Quentin Tarantino, who has called violence in films “cool” but claims to hate it in real life

http://nypost.com/2015/06/22/hey-hollywood-try-banning-guns-from-movies-for-a-year/

"Of all movies released in 2014, 93 percent of them included at least one gunfight"
"study from 2013 found there’s more gun violence in movies rated PG-13 than in ones rated R"

http://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/138802/should-we-censor-movie-violence-ben-shapiro

"Every time some isolated act of violence occurs, the media and the left look for a societal problem to blame"

"who suggest that showing violence onscreen somehow incentivizes people to engage in violent behavior – although studies are dubious on that score"

http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-12-exposure-violence-unethical-behavior.html

"The study, published in the Journal of Business Ethics, finds that exposure to human violence is strongly linked to an increase in cheating for monetary gain"

"Research shows that violent media increases aggressive behavior towards others, but what we're showing here is that it goes beyond that," 

http://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/culture/violent-media-real-world-behavior-historical-data-recent-trends

"according to a 2014 report from the FBI, between 2007 and 2013 there were an average of 16.4 active-shooter incidents in the U.S. every year, more than 150% higher than the annual rate between 2000 and 2006. -   due to increase in on-screen mayhem"

2014 study in Journal of Communication
Overall, no evidence was found to support the conclusion that media violence and societal violence are meaningfully correlated. - 

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/07/business/media/07violence.html

"hallenges the conventional wisdom, concluding that violent films prevent violent crime by attracting would-be assailants and keeping them cloistered in darkened, alcohol-free environs"

"From 6 p.m. to midnight on weekends — when the largest numbers of people are in theaters — violent crimes decreased 1.3 percent for every million people watching a strongly violent movie, the study found"


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/11652352/Violence-does-not-come-naturally-to-men-and-boys.html

"To understand that there is nothing natural about killing – that killing is the deepest rupturing of our humanity"

http://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2015/12/the-rise-in-violent-crime-reasons-and-excuses.php

"Murders and shootings have spiked in many American cities"
"And finally, chronic unemployment. It is true that we have a lot of chronic unemployment today, as a result of the lousy Obama economy"

"Note that one possible contributor to the sharp increase in murders in 2015–the Ferguson effect–is never mentioned"

http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/07/16/53166/jury-reaches-verdict-in-colorado-theater-shooting/

"The 27-year-old Holmes, who had been working toward his Ph.D. in neuroscience, could get the death penalty for the massacre that left 12 people dead and dozens of others wounded"

"He snapped photos of himself with fiery orange hair and scrawled his plans for the massacre in a spiral notebook he sent his university psychiatrist just hours before the attack, all in a calculated effort to be remembered, prosecutors said"


http://www.christiantoday.com/article/mass.killers.in.us.all.found.to.be.addicted.to.playing.violent.video.games/67910.htm

"James Holmes, went on a rampage in a movie theater showing "The Dark Knight Rises" in Aurora, Colorado in July 2012, He was a frequent player of violent video games including "World of Warcraft," an infamously addictive role-playing game"

Book -

Theories

Narrative –
Flashbacks, the flashbacks are of Batman’s childhood which shows him as a orphan
Non-linear narrative because narrative is not in order
Action codes – when cat woman trapped batman in cage with Bane, audience immediately knew fight scene will take place.
Equilibrium -
Disequilibrium -
      Restored equilibrium -

Dark Knight Rises quote -
“A hero can be anyone even a man doing something as simple and reassuring as putting a coat around a little boys shoulder to let him know the world hadn't ended”

This quote represents a certain ideology and message given out people watching that anyone can be heroic. This is also a very positive message in which can help impact people to become more helpful in the world. Even when a movie gives out such positive messages to the audience there are questions that need to be answered:



Mythologies of violence in Post Modern Media
Annalee Newitz
"For Americans serial killers like Henry Lee and Ted Bundy are media celebrities" - Page 65



"Natural Born Killers focusses - often ironically - on the promotion and popularization of charismatic youug americans who murder and commit violenct crimes" - Page 65

"In movies like Natural Born Killers, Americans look critically at their pleasure in murder as much as they celebrate murder itself" - Page 65

Violence And American Cinema (Violence and Film)
Routledge 2001 - New York

William Rothman

"The report conducted that mass media violence desensitises people, makes them more hostile and aggressive and more likely to perform violent acts"  - page 37

"The book went further on to conclude that the available strongly data strongly supported the conclusion that media violence has no effect on, perhaps even reduces the level of violence in society" - Page 37

Film Violence 
James Kendrick

"Violence is one of the greatest things you can do in cinema, Edison invented the camera to do violence, all right?" - Page 32
Published in 2009 London


What presented in The Dark Knight Rises triggered James Holmes to commit copycat violence?

How can films such as The Dark Knight Rises have such a massive impact?

Even though there is no scientific evidence to suggest violence has an effect from films, why do the media blame those films? 

James Holmes science presentation in 2006


In this video we can identify James Holmes as a very intellectual person who seemed completely normal.

Natural Born Killers -

This movie influenced a copycat crime in which there was a real life case for.One night there was two best friends who watched born killers and packed a gun with bullets and involved a brutal shooting.

Director of movie Oliver Stone has been linked to 8 murders because of his movie
why did the BBFC pass this for a theatrical release?

"Wanted to be famous like natural born killers"
http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/dec/20/artsfeatures1

DVD released 6 years after release 2000

David Puttnam who has previously worked with the natural born killers star labeled the movie as 'loathsome'

Daily Mail said natural born killers was 'evil' 

Mario Vargas Llosa cursed the film at Venice film festival 1994.

The director was considered a hypocrite in the media as he was a rich kid who volunteered for Vietnam war and was a peace loving Buddhist. 

The director also stated that movie violence was 'cool'

http://www.bustle.com/articles/117134-5-times-killers-mimicked-horror-legends-and-films - this news article again explains the natural born killers news article



Dark Knight Rises (News Article)
http://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/jul/21/dark-knight-rises-shootings-copycat-crimes

Someone in audience thought noise was sound effect

James Holmes was wearing what looked like was a gas mask which is inspired from the villain in the dark knight rises villain Bane.

According to the suit the natural born killers were "distributing a film they knew, or should have known would cause and inspire people to commit crimes"

Mentally ill Dark Knight Rises fan ‘beaten up by police’ for cheering during screening for batman film

42 year old Moses Flores was sat next to an off duty police officer in July 2012.
The police officer beat up the mentally ill batman fan
Moses was left with a 1.5 inch cut on his head
A court has found out that Moses was chased out the cinema
Moses was then followed by police officer who was annoyed at Moses for shouting ‘get him Batman’ in the cinema.
The police offer called an emergency service police unit despite sister of mentally ill batman fan telling the cops that her brother was mentally ill
Sister watched cops hit Moses in the head and stepping on his neck

James Holmes - This person went into a movie theatre dressed as batman in which he fired at the people inside the theatre. There are questions as to who let him inside the theatre and if someone is involved with this shooting. Also the mass killing has gone down in history as a tragic way to end people lives in which they thought they were going to watch a movie but they did not return.

Audience - Throughout the film the audience would sympathise with the main character (Bruce Wayne). This is because Bruce looses all his money and assets. Also Bruce is presented as weak and the first scene with Bane meant that he had lost. The audience would have felt escapism as they can think about Gotham city for the course of 2 hours 40 mins and leave their stressed lives out. Also the audience might have felt personal relationships, as they might have known someone that may have been presented in that way.


Media violence and its effect on aggression by Jonathan L Freedman

“Based on Jonathan’s findings, far fewer than half of the scientific studies have had a causal connection between exposure to media violence or crime”

This quote tells us that scientific research have not favored towards blaming the media for any violence occurrences that had blamed the media. This would disprove anything that the media has claimed for copycat violence.

First fight scene between Batman and Bane
-       Bane presented as more powerful
Batman presented as weak
Could relate to why James Holmes dressed up as Bane
There was no weapons used
Minimal lighting used in this scene
Also minimal lighting in the auditorium where copycat violence happened


Second fight scene between Batman and Bane –
Fight happened during daylight, signifies hero coming out on top
Batman seen as more powerful
Gives out message to people that villain do not win in the end

Representation

There are many representations within The Dark Knight Rises, which we can notice. The first representation in the movie is of Bruce Wayne who is Batman. Bruce Wayne is represented as weak through out 75% of the film. The reason for Batmans weakness is become he hadn't been Batman for some time prior to becoming Batman and trying to defeat Bane. Also Bruce Wayne is represented as fearless, this is because there was a scene where Bruce Wayne was trapped in the villains prison and had to climb a wall to escape in which failed twice and could have died.


Another prominent representation was of Bane who represented in many different ways. The first representation of Bane was that he was seen as confident. The way in which Bane did things whether he was fighting or stealing from the stock exchange, there was no false sense of confidence. Also a dominant representation of him was seen as evil, this is seen when he caused destruction throughout the course of the movie.

Social
- Ideologies set by people that superhero movies such as The Dark Knight Rises will contain some

Economical
- A big budget films is expected to contain action , what audiences expect
- Big budget film turns over massive profits to help film industry (Hollywood)
-

Political
-       Should BBFA be doing more to stop copycat violences from occurring?


First fight scene between Batman and Bane

Bane is more powerful through out the scene ,  this could suggest why James Holmes commited copycat violence wearing a gas mask like Bane. Again to support the reason why James Holmes commited copycat violence dressed up like Bane is that Batman was seen as weak through out this film which the audience would not suspect of a hero.

The different characters that were presented in the first fight scene was batman, bane and catwoman. In this scene you can notice that batman is wearing his batsuit which is what he is known or seen as when becoming a vigilante. Another superhero outfit is worn by catwoman who is portrayed as both good and bad. The villain of the movie is dressed quite uniquely to other villains from batman movies in the past. Bane is seen wearing a mask which looks like a gas mask. Also bane is seen wearing some body armour and black trousers.

In this fight scene there was low key lighting which could be to suggest that something bad or evil is happening in the film. Also there may be low-key lighting as it is an underground prison where not a lot of day light can reach. This reason supports the realism the director of the film has contained in the film. This low-key lighting sets the setting of Bane as it shows the location to be dark and would make the audience feel importance.

Also this first fight scene had many editing techniques that could suggest different things. The editing does not contain any quick cuts which are used in many films however the each shot is longer and cut lasts between 3-10 seconds. This has be done to demonstrates bane power over batman in an unintense manner.

The villain Bane has a height of 5'9 so shots for this scene had to be clearly thought about to make bane look massive or superior to batman. There has also been many low angles visible in this scene to again make Bane look superior and powerful to batman. 

Another key element is sound which has been used in different ways. Firstly banes punches can be heard as very loud and adding of more powerful sound effects to make bane look powerful. When batman cuts the power in this scene there is reduced sound. The water falling down fades away so it cannot be heard. During the end of this scene when bane break batmans back there is a loud crunching noise signalling banes brutality and strength.

Opening Scene - (Bane blows up plane)

In this scene there are members of the CIA in which they take Dr Pavel and three men apparently associated with the Dr in which one of them is actually bane who the CIA agent is looking for. This scene starts with the CIA arms by his waist signifies the confidence of the agent. This pose also shows the audience the agent is in charge.

An important quote to take from this scene is when bane says "no one cared who I was until I put on the mask". This directly could link to the real copycat violence committed by James Holems. This is because a reason could be suggested as to committing the crime for fame in which influence taking from this film. 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778277/
The 40 violent movies were seen by a median of 12.5% of an estimated 22 million US adolescents aged 10 to 14 years.

The most popular violent movie, Scary Movie, was seen by >10 million (48.1%) children, 1 million of whom were 10 years of age

Watching extremely violent movies was associated with being male, older, nonwhite, having less-educated parents, and doing poorly in school. Black male adolescents were at particularly high risk for seeing these movies; for example Blade, Training Day, and Scary Moviewere seen, respectively, by 37.4%, 27.3%, and 48.1% of the sample overall versus 82.0%, 81.0%, and 80.8% of black male adolescents

Violent movie exposure was also associated with measures of media parenting, with high-exposure adolescents being significantly more likely to have a television in their bedroom and to report that their parents allowed them to watch R-rated movies.

This study documents widespread exposure of young US adolescents to movies with extreme graphic violence from movies rated R for violence and raises important questions about the effectiveness of the current movie-rating system.

exposure to violent media increases the likelihood of aggressive thoughts, emotions, and behavior

Experimental work has demonstrated that video game violence can lead not only to changes in attitudes and behavior but also to physiological desensitization, such that after playing violent video games, participants were less aroused by watching scenes of actual violence

brain-imaging studies have suggested that a child's brain does not distinguish between real acts of violence and viewing media violence, and also that the “impact of [television] violence viewing may extend in time beyond the simple act of viewing [television] violence.”Therefore, even if children, on a conscious level, report knowing the difference between entertainment violence and real violence, their brains respond as if they were being exposed to a real threat

Although the National Television Violence Study reported that 91% of the movies on television contained violence


Why Parents Worry More About Sex than Violence in the Movies


http://time.com/4135760/why-parents-worry-more-about-sex-than-violence-in-the-movies/

The Parents Ratings Advisory Study, which was commissioned by the Classification and Ratings Administration (CARA), found that more parents (80% of those surveyed) are concerned with their kids seeing graphic sex scenes than with graphic violence (64%). And while only 56% of them are worried about the depiction of realistic violence, a full 70% are distressed by full frontal shots of people au naturel.

1
MM44 ARTICLE 8: DARK KNIGHT DARK IDEAS

- Christopher Nolan batman movie has been huge success at box office
- Pete Turner Evaluates exploration of dark themes
- Pete Turner also considers accusations of reactionary ideology
- Nolan resurrected Batman movies when losing sidekick, neon lights
- Another idea that Nolan changed when directing first batman movies was bring in more realism
- accusations to Nolan:

                                   Gotham city look similar to New York
                                   too much focus on Bruce Wayne and less time wearing batsuit within movies

 - Nolan stated in a rolling stone interview that

Even though there have been fewer scenes with Batman , why has this happened?
                                                                                             What caused a copycat violence case to                                                                                                      happen?
One reason why this might be is Bane the villain is seen as more powerful throughout the films and is apparent to many audiences. 
- This may be because director Christopher Nolan wanted to change the norm to excite audiences.