Improved Introduction

"Violence is one of the greatest things you can do in cinema; Edison invented the camera to do violence, all right?” in which Quentin Tarantino has mocked violence in the film industry. This accentuates how producers are limiting their ideas to violence. Although 2012’s great blockbuster film The Dark Knight Rises has increased its revenue dramatically it also undoubtedly has been criticised for glamourises violence, within our society.  Despite having massive Hollywood movies such as The Dark Knight Rises becoming profitable, people are supposedly criticising movies for making people being desensitized with violence? To justify this critical investigation on how violence is represented in movies is that there have been many cases in the recent years that signified the influence of violence from movies. In contrast there are findings that suggest violence does not increase the number of violent cases. We can also witness the use of violence in historical films such as Natural Born Killers to have supposedly influenced violent cases amongst society. Even though there are many factors that contribute to violent cases. Also violent cases have occurred from the influence of other platforms such as video games in which I looked at GTA Vice City as part of my further research. I found that during the course of my research, killers have been represented as media celebrities in the news which could be a reason as to why many people commit these crimes. However this cannot be the sole reason as to why people commit violent crimes, it could be certain aspects within movies. This is why I have decided to carry out a critical investigation on my primary and secondary texts.  

275 words

Critical Investigation Tutorial - Essay Plan/Introduction

Essay plan

Consider using the Tarantino quote above the title of the investigation – it would make a great starting point.

Introduction: we’ll discuss this separately but you need to make sure it has the issue, primary and secondary texts and sets out an argument. 250 words.

Section 1: Historical text. This works well as an opening to lay out the debate and the context to the issue. Natural Born Killers is perfect for this. I’d be hesitant about having a section on GTA as it takes the essay away from film. Perhaps include GTA3 in a future section on wider context? Great to see textual analysis and quotes on NBK. 400 words.

Section 2: Primary text – Dark Knight Rises. Structure-wise this is perfect – a natural progression from your first section. Looking at your plan though, you’re going to need more research on DKR – particularly the media controversies (I know you’ve got the James Holmes massacre in there). Again, good to see textual analysis but I’m surprised there isn’t more in terms of web articles, certification debates etc. 500 words.

Section 3: Effects theory – general media effects theory (Gerbner – cultivation theory). This needs to be driven by media theory. Wider context, variety of examples. It may be some of the stuff I’ve mentioned above would actually fit in here. Use the BBFC website to research the certification for the Dark Knight movies - http://www.bbfc.co.uk/case-studies/dark-knight and http://www.bbfc.co.uk/education-resources/student-guide/age-ratings/controversial-decisions ... I think your section 5 stuff in the plan is actually more for this section – remember a section may include several paragraphs. 500 words.

Section 4: Academic research into effects of violence – a separate section on specific journal articles and books on this topic. This is where your research will come to the fore. Get Cohen’s Moral Panic theory in one of these sections too. Discuss the fact violent crime has fallen in last 20 years despite these films and games becoming more popular – how can this be explained? 450 words.

Section 5: Censorship, regulation and the future of this debate. Where does the violence in the media debate go next? What should the BBFC do? 300 words.

Conclusion: Sum up arguments, perhaps end with reference back to Tarantino quote? 100 words.

Next steps… update/finish your plan based on this tutorial. You don’t need to stick to the above by any means but hopefully it has at least clarified your thinking and provided a potential structure that will be easy to follow.

Your introduction needs more clarity but more importantly – it’s way too simplistic. You seem to unquestionably accept that movies cause people to be violent. Is this true? Surely your introduction needs to ASK that question, not just accept it. It feels like your introduction was written by the Daily Mail rather than a media student. You must raise the idea that the media is being scapegoated rather than more complicated issues in society such as mental health or gun control. Perhaps lose the videogame reference and add something on your academic research.

This essay has great potential – it could be SERIOUSLY good! But make sure you present both sides of the argument in an academic way – don’t drift into Daily Mail territory.

Introduction (200 - 250)

"Violence is one of the greatest things you can do in cinema, Edison invented the camera to do violence, all right?". Despite having massive Hollywood movies such as The Dark Knight Rises becoming profitable, people are being desensitized with violence. To justify this critical investigation on how violence is represented in movies is there have been many cases in the recent years that signified the influence of movies for violence. We can also witness the use of violence in historical films such as Natural Born Killers to have caused violent cases amongst society. Also violent cases have occurred from the influence of other platforms such as video games in which I looked at GTA Vice City as another text.I found that during the course of my research killers have been represented as media celebrities in the news which could be as to why many people commit these crimes. However this cannot be the sole reason as to why people commit violent crimes, it could be certain aspect with movies. This is why I have decided to carry out an critical investigation on my primary and secondary texts.

 Although 2012’s great blockbuster film t g k r has increased its revenue dramatically it also undoubtedly glamourizes violence, within our society.  Despite having massive Hollywood movies such as The Dark Knight Rises becoming profitable, people are being desensitized with violence. Quentin Tarantino has mocked violence in the film industry "Violence is one of the greatest things you can do in cinema; Edison invented the camera to do violence, all right?”. This accentuates how producers are limiting their ideas to violence.To justify this critical investigation on how violence is represented in movies is that there have been many cases in the recent years that signified the influence of violence from movies. We can also witness the use of violence in historical films such as Natural Born Killers to have caused violent cases amongst society. Also violent cases have occurred from the influence of other platforms such as video games in which I looked at GTA Vice City as part of my further research. I found that during the course of my research, killers have been represented as media celebrities in the news which could be as to why many people commit these crimes. However this cannot be the sole reason as to why people commit violent crimes, it could be certain aspect with movies. This is why I have decided to carry out a critical investigation on my primary and secondary texts.  

Essay Plan

                   How is Violence Represented in films such as The Dark Knight Rises?
Introduction start with a quote from Quentin Tarantino
"Violence is one of the greatest things you can do in cinema, Edison invented the camera to do violence, all right?" - Page 32                                                                 
- Justification - Violent movies is having an increasing impact on copycat violence, therefore decided to have a look into why
- Historical text is Natural Born Killers, caused much controversy , released in 1994 , directed by Oliver Stone.
- Also violent video games are also impacting people
Example - GTA 3 - Man goes into police station and murders police cars in which then steals police car, said he done it just like in GTA.
- Debate is how is violence represented in Hollywood films such as Dark Knight Rises
-  Mention what is happening with The Dark Knight Rises, why its considered controversial


Section (1a) - Natural Born Killer (Secondary Text)  (400 words)
- Discuss how NBK have had many violent cases in which copycat violence
- DVD released years after release
- Textual analysis of two scenes , Opening scene and first fight scene
- Link to primary text The Dark Knight Rises
- Controversy against NBK
- Compare with primary text

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/6975563/Quentin-Tarantino-violence-is-the-best-way-to-control-an-audience.html

"violence is so good" because it is the most enjoyable form of entertainment

“I feel like a conductor and the audience's feelings are my instruments. I will be like, 'Laugh, laugh, now be horrified'.

The director said that violence was the best form of cinema entertainment

http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2013/06/07/films/screen-violence-is-in-the-eye-of-the-beholder/#.VoRd1BWLTWJ

The ultimate test will probably be the work of Quentin Tarantino, who has called violence in films “cool” but claims to hate it in real life

http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/dec/20/artsfeatures1

This movie influenced a copycat crime in which there was a real life case for.One night there was two best friends who watched born killers and packed a gun with bullets and involved a brutal shooting.

Director of movie Oliver Stone has been linked to 8 murders because of his movie

why did the BBFC pass this for a theatrical release?

"Wanted to be famous like natural born killers"

Quotes
- "Natural Born Killers focusses - often ironically - on the promotion and popularization of charismatic youug americans who murder and commit violenct crimes" - Page 65
- "In movies like Natural Born Killers, Americans look critically at their pleasure in murder as much as they celebrate murder itself" - Page 65
- "wanted to be famous like natural born killers"
"Natural Born Killers focusses - often ironically - on the promotion and popularization of charismatic youug americans who murder and commit violenct crimes" - Page 65 - Mythologies of violence in Post Modern Media By Annalee Newitz
In movies like Natural Born Killers, Americans look critically at their pleasure in murder as much as they celebrate murder itself" - Page 65


Sources - http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/dec/20/artsfeatures1- http://www.bustle.com/articles/117134-5-times-killers-mimicked-horror-legends-and-films (Bustle)

Section (1b) - Second Historical Text - GTA 3

- Incident regarding violent effect on people after playing GTA (Davin Moore commits first degree
murder killing 3 policemen with influence of GTA
- Research about incident
- Link to Dark Knight Rises

- Strickland v Sony Court case as to whether video game violence played a role in Davin Moore comiting murders of police men.

Section (2) - PRIMARY TEXT - THE DARK KNIGHT RISES- (500 words)

Textual analysis of fight scene
- Textual analysis of opening scene
- Why is James Holmes case linked to Dark Knight Rises?
            James Holmes wore a gas mask?

http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/05/us/movie-theater-shootings/

"Holmes, who has mental illness, has claimed he was suffering a schizophrenic episode at the time of the shooting"

"In that attack, Holmes colored his hair an orange-red hue, making him resemble the villain The Joker as portrayed in a prior Batman film by the late actor Heath Ledger"

http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/07/16/53166/jury-reaches-verdict-in-colorado-theater-shooting/

"The 27-year-old Holmes, who had been working toward his Ph.D. in neuroscience, could get the death penalty for the massacre that left 12 people dead and dozens of others wounded"

"He snapped photos of himself with fiery orange hair and scrawled his plans for the massacre in a spiral notebook he sent his university psychiatrist just hours before the attack, all in a calculated effort to be remembered, prosecutors said"

http://www.christiantoday.com/article/mass.killers.in.us.all.found.to.be.addicted.to.playing.violent.video.games/67910.htm

"James Holmes, went on a rampage in a movie theater showing "The Dark Knight Rises" in Aurora, Colorado in July 2012, He was a frequent player of violent video games including "World of Warcraft," an infamously addictive role-playing game"

http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/20/colorado-theater-shooting-dark-knight (Guardian)

"Colorado awoke to its worst mass shooting since the Columbine massacre after at least 12 people were killed and 50 injured by a lone gunman wielding tear gas and firing randomly at cinema goers at the midnight premier of the Batman movie"

"Among those caught up in the attack were a three-month-old baby who was treated in hospital and released, a child aged six and people aged 16 to 31 who were treated for exposure to noxious chemicals"

"James Holmes, 24, entered one of the three cinemas showing The Dark Knight Rises at the multiplex cinema in Aurora"

"everal eyewitnesses said they had assumed he was a special effects installation arranged by the cinema to mark the international premier of the Batman film"

""He did not resist, he did not put up a fight," a police spokesman Frank Fania said in relation to the suspect's apprehension"

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/jul/09/dark-knight-rises-early-screening (Guardian)

"It is widely expected to be one of the year's highest grossing films, with some critics suggesting that director Christopher Nolan may be in the running for awards season glory"

"Now the first reactions are in from a select group of bloggers and fans who have seen The Dark Knight Rises, and they are overwhelmingly positive"

MM44 ARTICLE 8: DARK KNIGHT DARK IDEAS


- Christopher Nolan batman movie has been huge success at box office

- Pete Turner Evaluates exploration of dark themes

- Pete Turner also considers accusations of reactionary ideology

- Nolan resurrected Batman movies when losing sidekick, neon lights

- Another idea that Nolan changed when directing first batman movies was bring in more realism

- accusations to Nolan:

                                   Gotham city look similar to New York

                                   too much focus on Bruce Wayne and less time wearing batsuit within movies


 - Nolan stated in a rolling stone interview that


Even though there have been fewer scenes with Batman , why has this happened?

                                                                                             What caused a copycat violence case to                                                                                                      happen?

One reason why this might be is Bane the villain is seen as more powerful throughout the films and is apparent to many audiences. 

- This may be because director Christopher Nolan wanted to change the norm to excite audiences.





http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/mentally-ill-dark-knight-rises-6157000

42 year old Moses Flores was sat next to an off duty police officer in July 2012.

The police officer beat up the mentally ill batman fan

Moses was left with a 1.5 inch cut on his head

A court has found out that Moses was chased out the cinema

Moses was then followed by police officer who was annoyed at Moses for shouting ‘get him Batman’ in the cinema.

The police offer called an emergency service police unit despite sister of mentally ill batman fan telling the cops that her brother was mentally ill

Sister watched cops hit Moses in the head and stepping on his neck

http://collider.com/dark-knight-rises-the-avengers-box-office-records/

- Dark knight makes more than 1 billion worldwide 

Theories
- Narrative theories
- Challenged stereotype
-
Quotes
- “A hero can be anyone even a man doing something as simple and reassuring as putting a coat around a little boys shoulder to let him know the world hadn't ended”
- "The report conducted that mass media violence desensitises people, makes them more hostile and aggressive and more likely to perform violent acts"  - page 37
- "The book went further on to conclude that the available strongly data strongly supported the conclusion that media violence has no effect on, perhaps even reduces the level of violence in society" - Page 37
42 year old Moses Flores was sat next to an off duty police officer in July 2012.The police officer beat up the mentally ill batman fan
Moses was left with a 1.5 inch cut on his head
Sources - http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/9426408/Why-was-a-child-watching-such-a-violent-movie.html (Telegrpah)- - http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/20/colorado-theater-shooting-dark-knight (Guardian)http://metro.co.uk/2015/09/11/new-colorado-theatre-photos-show-chaotic-aftermath-of-dark-knight-rises-shooting-5386183/ (Metro)http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/mentally-ill-dark-knight-rises-6157000 (Mirror)

Section (3) - Effects theory (500 words)

Gerbner - Cultivation theory

BBFC website certification for Dark Knight Rises

Discuss violence represented in hollwood films such as The Dark Knight Rises
- The effect on society - how people are desensitised
- What causes people to perform copycat violence
- Should these films be allowed to be made or passed by BBFC?

Hyperdemic needle theory 

Cohen - Moral Panic thoery

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/relationships/fatherhood/11250555/Should-you-let-your-kids-watch-violent-films.html

"That’s not to say children aren’t capable of copycat behaviour on some minor level"

"The reason it feels instinctive to not let my son see more extreme screen violence is because I’m driven by the strongest parental instinct of all – to ensure my child feels safe"

"There’s also an element of social responsibility. It’s not just about your kids; it’s about the kids around them, too. If you let your child loose with your horror collection, do their school friends suddenly want to do the same, only behind their parents’ backs?"

http://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/138802/should-we-censor-movie-violence-ben-shapiro

"Every time some isolated act of violence occurs, the media and the left look for a societal problem to blame"

"who suggest that showing violence onscreen somehow incentivizes people to engage in violent behavior – although studies are dubious on that score"

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/11652352/Violence-does-not-come-naturally-to-men-and-boys.html

"To understand that there is nothing natural about killing – that killing is the deepest rupturing of our humanity"

Why Parents Worry More About Sex than Violence in the Movies

http://time.com/4135760/why-parents-worry-more-about-sex-than-violence-in-the-movies/

- "The Parents Ratings Advisory Study, which was commissioned by the Classification and Ratings Administration (CARA), found that more parents (80% of those surveyed) are concerned with their kids seeing graphic sex scenes than with graphic violence (64%). And while only 56% of them are worried about the depiction of realistic violence, a full 70% are distressed by full frontal shots of people au naturel" 

- Tells us that parents could be the reason as to why children are exposed to violence.

Quotes -
"The report conducted that mass media violence desensitises people, makes them more hostile and aggressive and more likely to perform violent acts"  - page 37
"The book went further on to conclude that the available strongly data strongly supported the conclusion that media violence has no effect on, perhaps even reduces the level of violence in society" - Page 37

- Media violence and its effect on aggression by Jonathan L Freedman
“Based on Jonathan’s findings, far fewer than half of the scientific studies have had a causal connection between exposure to media violence or crime”

Section (4) - Academic research into effects of violence  (450 words)

- Studies on violence

- Crime rates in past 20 years - increase but other reason , unemployment, ferguson effect, poverty


crime decrease since 1978 - http://time.com/3577026/crime-rates-drop-1970s/

James Holmes - dressed up as bane and mass massacre in Colorado  cinema
NBK Lover case - lovers go and kill

"Watching violent movies really does make people more aggressive - but only if they have an abrasive personality to start with, a study shows"

"Bloody scenes do not have the same effect on passive characters who react to what they see on a screen in an entirely different way"

"The link between X-rated films and video games and the rise in violent crime has been debated for years so scientists scanned the brains of two very different groups of people to see what happened as they were shown violent images"

"In the first study of its kind they found each person's reaction depended on how aggressive they were to begin with"

"In the first study of its kind they found each person's reaction depended on how aggressive they were to begin with"

"These subjects said they felt more more inspired and determined and less upset or nervous than their non-aggressive counterparts when watching violent instead of only emotional scenes."

"Their blood pressure also went down progressively while the calm groups' rose"

http://bgr.com/2015/12/11/quentin-tarantino-violence-swearing/

"Part of this is probably his films’ growing budgets — it’s much cheaper to drop a dozen f-bombs on celluloid than to drop a dozen samurais" - Roeder writes

"“If you want to jolt audiences on the cheap, you do it through swearing. If you want to do it with a budget, you slice some people in half"

"The “Django Unchained” budget was just more than $100 million"

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/10/20/why-the-pg-13-movie-rating-has-
grown-increasingly-meaningless/

"A new study puts fresh scrutiny on the movie industry's largest ratings category, showing that parents who were repeatedly exposed to violence and sexual content became progressively more accepting of the material"

" the growing rate of violent and sexual scenes in PG-13-rated movies, many of which contains more images of gun violence than even R-rated films"

"In the study, 1,000 parents were randomly shown several short clips with violence and explicit sexual content from top-grossing movies such as "8 Mile," "Die Hard," and "Taken 2." Early in their viewing, parents said the movies were only appropriate for older audiences and on average the films were appropriate for viewers 17 years old. But the more clips the parents watched, the more they began to assign lower ages and ended up saying most of the material was appropriate for PG-13 audiences"
" Parents become desensitised to the mature content after repeated exposure"

http://medicalxpress.com/news/2015-12-exposure-violence-unethical-behavior.html

"The study, published in the Journal of Business Ethics, finds that exposure to human violence is strongly linked to an increase in cheating for monetary gain"

"Research shows that violent media increases aggressive behavior towards others, but what we're showing here is that it goes beyond that," 

http://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/culture/violent-media-real-world-behavior-historical-data-recent-trends

"according to a 2014 report from the FBI, between 2007 and 2013 there were an average of 16.4 active-shooter incidents in the U.S. every year, more than 150% higher than the annual rate between 2000 and 2006. -   due to increase in on-screen mayhem"

2014 study in Journal of Communication
Overall, no evidence was found to support the conclusion that media violence and societal violence are meaningfully correlated. - 

http://nypost.com/2015/06/22/hey-hollywood-try-banning-guns-from-movies-for-a-year/

"Of all movies released in 2014, 93 percent of them included at least one gunfight"
"A study from 2013 found there’s more gun violence in movies rated PG-13 than in ones rated R"

Quotes 

- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778277/

"The 40 violent movies were seen by a median of 12.5% of an estimated 22 million US adolescents aged 10 to 14 years".

"Watching extremely violent movies was associated with being male, older, nonwhite, having less-educated parents, and doing poorly in school. Black male adolescents were at particularly high risk for seeing these movies; for example Blade, Training Day, and Scary Moviewere seen, respectively, by 37.4%, 27.3%, and 48.1% of the sample overall versus 82.0%, 81.0%, and 80.8% of black male adolescents"


"exposure to violent media increases the likelihood of aggressive thoughts, emotions, and behavior"

"Although the National Television Violence Study reported that 91% of the movies on television contained violence"

Section (5) - Censorship, regulation and the future of this debate (300 words)

- BBFC - What part do BBFC have in this?
- Why did NBK be passed on to cinemas?
- Where does the violence in the media debate go next? 

What should the BBFC do?

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/10141229/The-brutal-truth-about-violence-in-the-movies.html

- "Once, Hollywood blamed the gun lobby for making weapons freely available, and the gun lobby hit out at movies for glamorising violence"

"Alongside that sits a philosophical question for us all, about what degree of human suffering we should consume vicariously as entertainment, why, and in what form"

the intermingling of freely available weaponry and culturally malign influences is a powerful cause of concern

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9785931/Arnold-Schwarzenegger-says-violence-in-films-not-to-blame-for-gun-massacres.html

"In an interview to promote the film The Last Stand, he said: "I think one must always keep it separate. This is entertainment and the other thing is a tragedy beyond belief and serious and the real deal"

"The Hollywood action hero Arnold Schwarzenegger has said that violence in films is not to blame for gun massacres"

http://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists/virginia-blackburn/547440/Virginia-Blackburn-on-violence-children-films-Joan-Collins-terrorist-Sony-email-leak

"There are shootings in Bambi, Peter Pan and Pocahontas, stabbings in Sleeping Beauty and The Little Mermaid and all round violence in A Bug’s Life, How To Train Your Dragon and many more"

"In the original version of Cinderella, the ugly sisters cut off their toes to try to fit into the glass slipper (actually it was fur) and not in a comic way – there was blood and gore all over the shop"

http://nypost.com/2015/06/22/hey-hollywood-try-banning-guns-from-movies-for-a-year/

"Of all movies released in 2014, 93 percent of them included at least one gunfight"
"A study from 2013 found there’s more gun violence in movies rated PG-13 than in ones rated R"

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/07/business/media/07violence.html


"challenges the conventional wisdom, concluding that violent films prevent violent crime by attracting would-be assailants and keeping them cloistered in darkened, alcohol-free environs"

"From 6 p.m. to midnight on weekends — when the largest numbers of people are in theaters — violent crimes decreased 1.3 percent for every million people watching a strongly violent movie, the study found"

https://hereandnow.wbur.org/2015/12/14/crime-up 

Violent crime rates appear to be rising in certain American cities this year, including Los Angeles.

http://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2015/12/the-rise-in-violent-crime-reasons-and-excuses.php

"Murders and shootings have spiked in many American cities"
"And finally, chronic unemployment. It is true that we have a lot of chronic unemployment today, as a result of the lousy Obama economy"

"Note that one possible contributor to the sharp increase in murders in 2015–the Ferguson effect–is never mentioned"

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778277/
The 40 violent movies were seen by a median of 12.5% of an estimated 22 million US adolescents aged 10 to 14 years.

The most popular violent movie, Scary Movie, was seen by >10 million (48.1%) children, 1 million of whom were 10 years of age

Watching extremely violent movies was associated with being male, older, nonwhite, having less-educated parents, and doing poorly in school. Black male adolescents were at particularly high risk for seeing these movies; for example Blade, Training Day, and Scary Moviewere seen, respectively, by 37.4%, 27.3%, and 48.1% of the sample overall versus 82.0%, 81.0%, and 80.8% of black male adolescents

Violent movie exposure was also associated with measures of media parenting, with high-exposure adolescents being significantly more likely to have a television in their bedroom and to report that their parents allowed them to watch R-rated movies.

This study documents widespread exposure of young US adolescents to movies with extreme graphic violence from movies rated R for violence and raises important questions about the effectiveness of the current movie-rating system.

exposure to violent media increases the likelihood of aggressive thoughts, emotions, and behavior

Experimental work has demonstrated that video game violence can lead not only to changes in attitudes and behavior but also to physiological desensitization, such that after playing violent video games, participants were less aroused by watching scenes of actual violence

brain-imaging studies have suggested that a child's brain does not distinguish between real acts of violence and viewing media violence, and also that the “impact of [television] violence viewing may extend in time beyond the simple act of viewing [television] violence.”8Therefore, even if children, on a conscious level, report knowing the difference between entertainment violence and real violence, their brains respond as if they were being exposed to a real threat

Although the National Television Violence Study reported that 91% of the movies on television contained violence

Conclusion - (100 words)

Summary of main points from each paragraph
- SOCIAL - Desensitizing people
- HISTORICAL- How has violence changed over years
- ECONOMICAL - Big budget film means amazing cinematogrpahy, very profitable franchise, fans demand these movies
- POLITICAL- Should movies such as The Dark Knight Rises be allowed in cinema 

Sum up arguments, perhaps end with reference back to Tarantino quote? 100 words.

Critical Investigation Tutorial

Notes & Quotes document just under 2,000 – this is miles behind where you should be despite the fact you assured me at Parents’ Evening last week you were up to date. To put this into context, other students are at 4,000+ and some even more.

Textual analysis is complete (Task #1) although fight scene has far more detail than opening scene. You will need more than this for the actual essay.

Other than this – research is looking incredibly weak. Under 1,500 words despite all the time and tasks over the last 6 weeks.

Good to see one Media Magazine article – put the other one in your bibliography if you read it even if you didn’t use a quote.

BFI trip will hopefully give you some more academic sources.

Just the minimum of searching brings up stuff you should have found long ago: http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc51.2009/darkKnightKant/text.html

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2778277/

Widen your search away from the Dark Knight and look at violence in the media more generally. This will create far more opportunities for academic book and journal research. Loads of PDFs on the M: drive to read plus plenty more at BFI or even on the shelf in DF07 (Studying Film has plenty in the index for violence). Build these into your research plan – and remember you need this research DONE in the next two weeks.

Three steps

1) I will add academic research from BFI Library

2) Add more to research

3) Add more to textual analysis